Short Story - 1659 Words

They walked in an almost straight line towards the lights. The darkness fell upon them quite quickly. Once they were back on the road, Lincoln turned around to see the helicopter far off in the distance, shining a search light on the ground. It was moving away from them. Milyn smiled. â€Å"They will have to refuel soon. Those helicopters don’t have a big range. However, you can bet your bottom dollar they will be back again!† Lincoln said out loud. Milyn looked at him quizzically. He was now so used to her not understanding, that he went into his mime act straight away. With pointing and waving of his arms, he said. â€Å"Helicopter go back. Will be back later.† â€Å"Ah! Helicopter zÇ’u kÄ i (go away). Er .. go† She replied. Good enough, thought Lincoln†¦show more content†¦As they got nearer, his heart skipped a beat. Those vehicles were old style jeeps, the same ones used by the guards from the Dome. Lincoln took Milyn’s arm and they quickly went over to one of the closed shops. This was to keep them in the darkness so they would not be seen. They were now close enough to make out the two open places. On the right, where the jeeps were parked, the place had lights on the inside and a large wooden sign overhead that said ‘Stili’. Irrespective of what that meant, Lincoln could clearly see that this was the local pub. Everyone must be in there as no one else was around. They could also hear raucous laughter and sundry noise coming from inside. Walking in there would be like giving yourself up to the enemy. So Lincoln waved a finger and shook his head at Milyn to make sure she knew not to go in there. Lincoln then took a closer look at the other place that was open. It had a porch like the others, but it had several doors along the front with a large central open door in it. He ventured out a little onto the road to see a large sign on the roof. It had flashing coloured lights all around it. There were two words on the sign. The top one read ‘HAN’ (inn) which meant nothing, but Lincoln’s eyes lit up when he saw the word underneath. It read ‘BACKPACKERS’. This place was not only a hotel but someone in there must understand English. If they could rent aShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Womens Suffrage Movement - 947 Words

The Woman’s Suffrage Era â€Å"The only Question left to be settled now is: Are Women Persons?† Susan Brownell Anthony inquired in a speech she divulged during the 1800s, after she was arrested and fined for voting the year before. During the 1900s, and many years before that, women became vile to the fact of feeling suppressed.Two particular women became repulsive to the fact that Women voting was a taboo subject. Because of the impact these women had on the society, The women s suffrage movement took place. Eventually Nineteenth Amendment was ratified, causing acceptance to women voting. Due to the hardiments of determined female’s, because of their hostile feelings toward women suffrage, society began to view females as a part of their†¦show more content†¦Keeping up with their Quaker faith. Quakers believed in equality between the sexes. Anthony was raised around outspoken woman resulting in her personality. In 1849, Anthony quit her job and rejoined her parents, who moved to Roch ester Newyork, where Anthony became intrigued with the fight for women s suffrage. Anthony s Participation in several Organizations and outspoken nature made her a Target for Criticism. The editors of the Newspaper attempted to perceive her to the public as a Bitter Spinster who only had interest in Woman Suffrage because she couldn t find a Husband, When in fact Anthony had received numerous proposals, which she had Refused. She Felt that if she were to get married she would be giving away her freedom and everything she had worked for. During the 1800’s Anthony’s fame skyrocketed. She visited all Sixty Counties in N.Y. over a three month period to promote Women s Suffrage. Anthony served as President of the Organization, National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), from 1892-1900. In 1900, Anthony handed her leadership as president over to Carrie. Anthony died on the thirteenth of march, 1906. Her only regret was she would die without experiencing the result of all her hard work. Carrie Chapman Catt was born the ninth of january 1854. Catt taught school to earn her college tuition. She received a bachelor of science degree for Iowa State College. In 1881, she was a HighSchool President atShow MoreRelatedThe Women’s Suffrage Movement Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesStarting in 1776 with a letter from Abigail Adams to her husband, the movement for Women’s suffrage lasted a superfluous amount of time. Mrs. Adam’s request for the President to â€Å"remember the ladies† set in motion a whole movement that would revolutionize the United States of America. A movement that set forth rights that the women of today take for granted. The women’s suffrage movement began in the mid-nineteenth century. Women began discussing the problems they faced in society and the differentRead MoreWomens Suffrage Movement Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesFrom the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 to Betty Friedman and her bestselling book, The Feminine Mystique, the women’s suffrage movement advocated for equality between men and women. Throughout the years, there were many women that fought for the rights they have today. Susan B. Anthony along with a colleague formed the National Woman Suffrage Association that served to gain women the right to vote. In 1920, women were granted the right to vote by the 19th amendment of the constitution. At thisRead MoreHistory of the Womens Movement for Suffrage and Womens Rights1200 Words   |  5 PagesPrior to the famous movement for womens suffrage in the society, women had little or no say in the society. If they happen to be working, it was gruelling things like housewo rk that would sometimes extend over the course of the whole day, or, later on during the famous industrialization era that took place, in various factories they get paid very little and work long hours. On the other hand women had the go ahead to vote but in only some states, it was practically a big joke to think of a womanRead MoreWomens Suffrage Movement2267 Words   |  9 Pages In 1893 New Zealand became the first country in the world to give women the right to vote, this made them leaders in the women’s suffrage movement. This is an historical event that is of significance to New Zealanders when the bill was passed and continues to impact New Zealanders now. Prior to 1893 there were many issues which women faced that significantly impacted the quality of their lives and their families, especially their children. As a result of industrialism in New Zealand families wereRead MoreEssay on The Womens Suffrage Movement1963 Words   |  8 PagesCalifornia women and men worked tirelessly to strengthen the women’s suffrage campaign from 1893, when the state legislature passed an amendment permitting women to vote in state elections, through the final passage of the amendment in 1911. The strength of the movements themselves, passionate support overcoming harsh opposition, pushed by the people and the organizations championing for the women’s vote were the main contributing factors which accumulated in the eventual passage of Amendment 8.Read MoreEssay on Womens Suffrage Movement in The Bahamas659 Words   |  3 PagesMcphee History Coursework Question 1(A) What role did the Women’s Suffrage Movement Play during the â€Å"Quiet Revolution† in the Bahamas? Notable women such as Dame Doris Johnson, Mary Ingraham, Eugenia Lockhart, Mabel Walker and Georgianna Symonette has made countless triumphs toward the equal rights of all women in the Bahamas. In particular all of these women mentioned before were major persons in the Women’s Suffrage Movement in the Bahamas. This movement’s main purpose was to ensure thatRead MoreWomen’s Suffrage Movement in America Essay2480 Words   |  10 Pagesworldly would have been turned away. In such a male dominated world at the time of the suffrage movement these woman who started it all must have been strong willed and passionate about their cause, and I feel like I just need to know more. There is so much information I want to ascertain while conducting my research for this paper. First and foremost†¦Who were the women of the time that began this amazing movement; that shifted the course of woman’s history forever? Were these women of money or ofRead MoreWomens Suffrage Movement Impact on the Us1796 Words   |  8 PagesKayla Benware Professor Donnelly History 202 Research Paper Fall 2011 Women’s Suffrage Movement Impact on the United States Woman suffrage in the United States was achieved gradually through the 19th and early 20th Century. The women’s suffrage movement concluded in 1920 with a famous passage of the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution which stated: â€Å"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account ofRead MoreCompare and Contrast Women’s Suffrage Movements Essay1312 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Compare and contrast women’s suffrage movements of the late nineteenth and early centuries with the European feminist movements of the 1960’s and 1970’s.† Whereas the women’s suffrage movements focused mainly on overturning legal obstacles to equality, the feminist movements successfully addressed a broad range of other feminist issues. The first dealt primarily with voting rights and the latter dealt with inequalities such as equal pay and reproductive rights. Both movements made vast gains toRead MoreEssay about The History of the Women’s Suffrage Movement977 Words   |  4 PagesWomen’s suffrage, or the crusade to achieve the equal right for women to vote and run for political office, was a difficult fight that took activists in the United States almost 100 years to win. On August 26, 1920 the 19th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States was ratified, declaring all women be empowered with the same rights and responsibilities of citizenship as men, and on Election Day, 1920 millions of women exercised their right to vote for the very first time. The women’s

North Carolina Agricultural State University Free Essays

Dear Honorable, Governor Easily We are nursing, students at Agricultural and Technical State University in Greensboro, North Carolina we write this letter to bring to your attention an issue that if discussed enough in our community it might bring about change and save lives. This is hypertension.   I am asking for your help in bringing Hypertension a silent killer of our elderly population to the forefront of our community’s attention. We will write a custom essay sample on North Carolina Agricultural State University or any similar topic only for you Order Now My research partner and I have conducted research on hypertension as a requirement for our community 510 nursing course. With our research, here in Guilford County Greensboro, North Carolina:   we have a direct of understanding hypertension moreover, how its ill effects are distressing our elderly population’s health. With your help, we can bring this issue out by an educational campaign. Our research efforts show a need to help the community become conscious to get involved in the community to necessitate and facilitate our elderly population, living with hypertension due to lack of resources, transportation, diet exercise, obesity, chronic conditions. We have hundreds of seniors in our community here in Guilford County who can benefit by having resources to educate them about the causes risk factors and treatment for hypertension a silent killer. By facilitating things such as transportation to medical appointments, education on lifestyles that are conducive to good health, by getting the community involved during our research project we have had a high success rate in improving the effects of those who suffer hypertension among our elderly. Our research provides a description of the comprehensive study of hypertension within the cumulative, etiology, and the consequence on the populace health of the elderly in our area. This research will expectantly accomplish better education about hypertension for our elderly. Helping changing their lifestyle, an example of educating is as most know a good, diet helps maintain our body due to the FDA’s and the medical community’s at large education campaign promoted on our food packages and thru television and radio adds. Amazingly few seniors realize exercise and diet lowers hypertension, and helps problems with blood pressure levels. Hypertension is a reversible problem given the individual can see the benefits of diet and the implementation of exercise, to change their life through education when made available to them. Your support for community responsiveness of the senior’s living with hypertension is significantly valued. Thank you for your public service Sincerely Linda Wesson and Melinda Valetin North Carolina Agricultural State University                      How to cite North Carolina Agricultural State University, Essay examples

Industrial Development Through Knowledge -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Industrial Development Through Tacit Knowledge? Answer: Introduction Foreign Direct Investment refers to investment that is made by company for the business interest in another country. It can be done either by establishing business operations or by acquiring the assets in relation to that of the business. Primary feature of Foreign Direct Investment is that the investments are made that can help in establishing effective control or by having influence over the process of decision making of a business. Globalization has led to an increase in the volume of trade and FDI in between different countries (Bandyopadhyay, Sandler Younas, 2013). Economic factors play a huge role in the process of decision making as the economic actors want return of their investment. The political factors are also crucial as the country that has a high political unrest faces uncertainty and becomes less prone for that of investment (Castro Nunes, 2013). Government stability, socio-economic condition, laws and regulations, religious tension, external conflict, bureaucratic q uality, corruption and internal tensions are the different political economic factors that can have an influence on the aspect of foreign direct investment. This report analyses how the political economic factors of Bangladesh have an effect on that of the foreign direct investment. Government stability in Bangladesh The tenth parliamentary election was responsible for changing the scenario in relation to foreign investment. The Bangladesh Awami League was responsible for winning ten parliamentary election in which 153 members were elected in an uncontested manner. The country witnessed agitation on the streets in between the year 2013 and that of 2015 (Rahman, 2015). Macroeconomic stability is a major cause of strength of the Bangladesh economy. The economy of Bangladesh has shown many promising aspects. Bangladesh has been able to increase the growth by that of 1 % in each decade from 2013 to 2015 (Sarker et al., 2017). The per capita income has increased that helps in drawing foreign direct investment to a great extent. Socio-economic Condition The rate of unemployment within Bangladesh remained unchanged from that of 4.10 percent in the year 2016 from that of 4.10 in the year 2015. The unemployment rate within Bangladesh averaged that of 3.83 percent from the year 1991 till the year 2016. The Household Income and Expenditure Survey conducted in the year 2016-17 pointed out that around 1 of every 4 Bangladeshis are living in a state of abject poverty and it has been found that 12.9 percent of people have to suffer on account of poverty (Bandyopadhyay, Sandler Younas, 2013). Poverty and unemployment prove to be major causes of hindrance that can adversely affect foreign direct investment in Bangladesh. The government of Bangladesh tends to limit resources in relation to building of new infrastructure and in order to maintain existing infrastructure. Inefficient infrastructure undermines economic development of the country. CIA World Fact book has highlighted that a meagre 10 % of the roads in Bangladesh are paved that hinde rs in drawing foreign direct investment (Uddin, Ali Masih, 2017). The underdeveloped telecommunication services within Bangladesh do not bode well for that of foreign direct investment. Laws in Bangladesh The tax service within Bangladesh suffers on account of low level of that of revenue mobilisation, regressive nature of that of taxation, low tax base and that of high degree of that of tax evasion. It has been found that the tax receipts can roughly generate four-fifth of that of total revenue (Islam, 2015). The consumer price inflation within Bangladesh got eased to 5.83 percent on year-to-year basis in 2017 (December) from that of 5.91 percent of that of the previous month. The inflation rate within Bangladesh averaged to 6.58 percent from the year 1994 till the year 2017. Bangladesh is known for the restrictive trade regimes and it earns a lot of revenue from that of excise taxes. Infrastructure development surcharge is levied on all imports and the lengthy custom procedures prove to be deterrent in terms of attracting foreign direct investment. Internal Conflict in Bangladesh Internal conflicts and unrest has taken a toll on the economy of Bangladesh. Public life as well as the business activity is hampered to a great extent owing to the political strife of the different parties within Bangladesh. This country was witness to political violence when the leader of the main opposition, Khaleda Zia was confined to that of her office (Rahman, 2015).The unrest continued even after the release of Khaleda Zia and frequent strikes were rampant after this incident (Hayakawa, Kimura Lee, 2013). These kind of political conflict hamper the economic activity of the country to a great extent and prevents the normal operation of a business. The frequent shutdowns taking place in Bangladesh takes a toll on the economic activity and the industrial sectors face a lot of losses owing to the inability of shipping goods. It bears a negative impact on that of foreign direct investment. External Conflict Government of Bangladesh brought into existence the Import Policy Order 2015-2018 and the new policy eased import in relation to raw materials so that they can be of use for that of the export-oriented industries (Castro Nunes, 2013). Bangladesh has been able to settle the border disputes in a peaceful manner with India and improving the ties can help in the aspect of foreign direct investment (Islam, 2015). Corruption Corruption has entered all the sectors of Bangladesh like that of the judicial system, police, public services and tax administration (Mostafa Klepper, 2017). There is the Money Laundering Prevention Act that states that the companies can be held for bribery. Business-to-business corruption can be handled by the help of Money Laundering Prevention Act (Kim Li, 2014). Religious Tension Religious minorities like that of the Hindus along with the Buddhists have been subject to discrimination in Bangladesh. The land laws that are discriminatory have proved to be disadvantageous for the Hindu population that is minority in Bangladesh (Bayraktar, 2013. The Hindu-Muslim divide is being used by that of the political elite of Bangladesh for serving their own narrow benefit (Bagchi, Lejeune Alam, 2014). The party clashes taking place arise on account of the fervour centralized around religion that severely cripples the foreign direct investment of the country (Hayakawa, Kimura Lee, 2013). Bureaucratic Quality Bangladesh is a developing country and the bureaucrats belong to middle or the lower classes. It is a country that revolves around the use of black money (Shah, 2014). Bangladesh is hence inefficient in terms of bureaucracy and is not able to produce desired service to the citizens. The quality of bureaucracy in Bangladesh cannot face the challenges of globalisation and is not conducive for that of foreign direct investment. Conclusion The above discussion brings to light the socio-economic condition of Bangladesh and its effect on that of foreign direct investment. Violent street agitation reduced on the streets after the year 2015 that helped in attracting foreign direct investment to Bangladesh. Around 12.9 percent of the people in Bangladesh are reeling under the effect of poverty and the people of Bangladesh hence cannot buy expensive foreign products. The non-enforcement of that of anti-corruption legislation has impaired the business of Bangladesh and proved to be a deterrent for that of foreign direct investment. Corruption pervades all aspects of society in Bangladesh and party clashes take place in Bangladesh owing to the deep seated religious prejudices. The corrupt bureaucracy also harms the foreign direct investment of the country. The kind of FDI that can take place in Bangladesh is that of Backward FDI. There are certain raw materials that are found in abundant quantity in Bangladesh and the foreign companies can buy the firms in Bangladesh in order to dominate competition. Investing heavily in the particular firm can help in the production of better quality product. Pharmaceutical raw materials can be found in Bangladesh and foreign companies can invest in them in order to earn profits. Factors Risk Rating ( out of 10) Effect in Foreign Direct Investment Government Stability 4 Attracts the foreign investors Socio-economic Condition 6 Badly affects FDI Laws and Regulation 6 Not conducive for foreign investment Internal Conflict 7 Internal conflicts paints a bad picture in front of investors External Conflict 8 External conflicts harm foreign investment Corruption 8 Badly affects Foreign Direct Investment Religious Tension 8 Severely cripples Foreign Direct Investment Bureaucratic Quality 7 Inefficient bureaucracy cannot attract foreign investors References: Bagchi, P., Lejeune, M. A., Alam, A. (2014). How supply competency affects FDI decisions: some insights.International Journal of Production Economics,147, 239-251. Bandyopadhyay, S., Sandler, T., Younas, J. (2013). Foreign direct investment, aid, and terrorism.Oxford Economic Papers,66(1), 25-50. Bayraktar, N. (2013). Foreign direct investment and investment climate.Procedia Economics and Finance,5, 83-92. Castro, C., Nunes, P. (2013). Does corruption inhibit foreign Direct investment?.Poltica: Revista de Ciencia Poltica,51, 61-83. Hayakawa, K., Kimura, F., Lee, H. H. (2013). How does country risk matter for foreign direct investment?.The Developing Economies,51(1), 60-78. Islam, K. A. (2015). Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Bangladesh: Prospects and Challenges and Its Impact on Economy.Asian Business Review,4(1), 24-36. Kim, P. H., Li, M. (2014). Injecting demand through spillovers: Foreign direct investment, domestic socio-political conditions, and host-country entrepreneurial activity.Journal of Business Venturing,29(2), 210-231. Mostafa, R., Klepper, S. (2017). Industrial development through tacit knowledge seeding: evidence from the Bangladesh garment industry.Management Science. Rahman, A. (2015). Impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth: Empirical evidence from Bangladesh.International Journal of Economics and Finance,7(2), 178. Sarker, M. N. I., Bingxin, Y., Sultana, A., Prodhan, A. Z. M. S. (2017). Problems and challenges of public administration in Bangladesh: pathway to sustainable development.International Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research,2(1), 008-015. Shah, M. H. (2014). The significance of infrastructure for FDI inflow in developing countries.Journal of Life Economics,2(1), 1-16. Uddin, M. A., Ali, M. H., Masih, M. (2017). Political stability and growth: An application of dynamic GMM and quantile regression.Economic Modelling,64, 610-625.

Measuring Organizational Climate Essay Example

Measuring Organizational Climate Essay CONTENT: from where you get the Appendix Measuring Organizational Climate Name: Course: We will write a custom essay sample on Measuring Organizational Climate specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Measuring Organizational Climate specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Measuring Organizational Climate specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Date: Executive Summary Organizational climate refers to the shared values and perceptions employees have towards the organization. The values and thoughts regarding the firm revolve around a variety of dimensions that have an influence on the performance and attitudes of the employees. Therefore, such assertions can have a positive or negative effect on the productivity of the company. In order to determine the dimensions, researchers have deduced several suppositions that reutilized to define study and measure the climate of an organization. The propositions mainly revolve around different approaches, the levels of an organization’s climate as well as methods utilized to measure organizational climate. The development of the criterion for the definition, study and measurement of organizational climate enables one to understand implicitly about the assertion of organizational climate and effects of the theory on the workforce. Furthermore, possessing adequate knowledge on organizational climate enables the management to determine the attributes and thoughts of employees. By knowing such dimensions, management can create and deduce comprehensive master plans that can increase the financial performance of the firm, increase cohesion among the workers and increase employee productivity in the organization. Literature Review Organizational climate refers to the process utilized to undergo quantitative assessment of the culture of an organization. Organizational climate is the perception of the individuals in the organization regarding the workplace environment (Robbins, 2002). It is comprised of the outline of attitudes and mannerisms that influence people’s organizational experience. For instance, the firm’s climate may include conflict among workers and performance standards. Such experiences influence the capabilities of employees and have an effect on their productivity. In order for management to determine the influences, organizational climate requires to be measured. By measuring organizational climate, the management will be able to administer the various dimensions encompassing the organization. Approaches to Organizational Climate Researchers, surveyors and practitioners, have created methods of measuring organizational climate. Such methods measure abstract factors of the employees in the organization. These psychological dimensions include factors include morale, communication effectiveness, openness, employee motivation and establishment of roles in the organization. However, such factors are not the only factors that can be used to measure the climate of an organization. According to Ashkanasy et al., (2000), it is important to fathom organizational climates in order to comprehend the effects of the organizational structure. Several approaches were created to understand the organizational climate considerably. The first approach, structural approach, enables one to view the organization as an objective configuration comprised of attributes referring to the externality of the organization. Attributes such as the size of the organization, the hierarchy and the guiding policies are among factors that define an organization’s structure. These authentic conditions determine the employees’ attitudes, perceptions and values of the events in the organization. However, critics have argued against this approach asserting that its validity is questionable since it does not provide accurate methods of measuring an organization’s climate. Furthermore, the structural approach only considers the structure of the organization: hence, it does not factor in the person’s thoughts regarding the attributes of the organization (MacCormick Parker, 2010). The second approach, perceptual approach is more oriented towards human resource management. This is because the approach focuses on the individuals in the organization. The theory surmises that individuals are affected by either their perceptions or psychological impression they attach to the traits of the organization. Therefore, the approach is viewed as humanistic since climate is based on a person’s perception (Ashkanasy et al., 2000). Despite the approach delving towards the labor resource of an organization, it is still subject to criticism. Foremost, the principal cause of climate is situated chiefly in individuals, thereby discarding the likelihood of a composition hypothesis. Therefore, the theory cannot be viewed as an attribute. The second criticism asserts that the approach presupposes that individuals attach meaning to events and processes in the organization. Hence, the approach disregards that the events and processes can result from the interface between membe rs of the organization. The third approach, interactive approach, combines the two approaches borrowing the main aspects of the theories to create one strong approach to organizational climate. The approach is based on the objectivism advocated for by the structural approach as well as the subjectivism vouched for by the perceptual approach. The fundamental postulation of the interactive theory borders on the causative factors of the organizational climate (Burton, 2004). It assumes that the relations between persons with response to organizational situations results in the collective agreement of members of the organization. Consequently, the agreement between organizational members creates organizational climate. Hence, the interactive approach relates the perceptual and structural aspects because it recognizes meaning is fashioned when an individual purposely interacts with other people and objects since it provides meaning for either of the two. The concluding approach relates the organizational climate with the culture in the organization. The approach does not focus on the formal constituents of the organizations, the interactive, structural and perceptual approaches. Rather, the approach focuses on the organizational beliefs and practices. Additionally, the cultural approach asserts that the organizational climate results from the shared perceptions individuals share as they learn to deal with the demands of the organization (Alvesson, 2002). The approach emphasizes on the rule of the interactive approach agreeing with it that the interaction of individuals in the organization contributes the organizational climate. However, the approach also factors in the role of organizational culture in the development of an organization’s climate. This is because the beliefs and practices of individuals in the organization influence their values and perceptions regarding various aspects of the organization. Dimensions of Organizational Climate In order to determine the valid dimensions that comprise organizational climate, it is fundamental to recognize the different levels under which organizational climate is based upon. According to James (2008), psychological climate comprises organizational climate because the climate is deemed a personal attribute. Additionally, psychological climate explains the individual perceptions and descriptions regarding the policies and procedures of the organization. Furthermore, the psychological notion is integrated into the framework of organizational climate, which borders on the perceptive references of the individuals within the organization. Thumin and Thumin (2011) provide another level of climate towards the concept of organizational climate. The group climate refers to the attributes perceived by an organization or its parts. Therefore, group climate results from the methods used by the organization to administer its members. Additionally, organizational climate is assumed to have developed to a group attribute from an attribute characterized by an individual in an organization. As aforementioned, the definitions and hypotheses towards organizational climate are various. Furthermore, the approaches also influence the dimensions which are the measures utilized to determine an organization’s climate. Despite the impact of the approaches, researchers use various determinants in the measurement of organizational climate. Furthermore, research has identified different dimensions, but in this research, it is important to consider the most fundamental dimensions in most organizations. Primary Research To measure organizational climate, research requires a hypothesis to support the main objective of the assessment. The hypothesis formulated for the research indicated a strong relationship between dimensions in the organization and the organizational climate. Method In the research, a descriptive survey was used in a small Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Center, in the state of Florida. The data gathered was primary. Questionnaires were concluded electronically. The medium utilized was intranet since the survey was carried out inside the organization. Moreover, the survey would be free from external bias. The main purpose of using the survey was to moderate cost and time of the firm and the employees (Gordon, 2004). The sample comprised 500 employees around the region. The measuring tool was a validated questionnaire designed especially for the organization. The model utilized for the questionnaire was the 12-factor model, which comprised 10 dimensions. The 10 dimensions incorporated in the model comprised job satisfaction, remuneration, workplace environment, individual development, exigent and appealing work, image, employee wellness, leadership, communication and diversity. During the analysis, it was discovered that particular dimensions possessed a direct impact on the employee and a circuitous control on other employees. The dimensions found to have an influence were employee wellness, interpersonal fit, exigent and appealing work and individual development. The dimensions discovered to create a direct influence included leadership, diversity, remuneration, work environment, and image. The results established that direct and indirect influence factors have an impact on the organizational climate. The hypothesis was also supported by the use of questionnaires that measured the organization’s climate. The measurements used referred to descriptive statistics, which incorporate the mean, standard deviation, kurtosis and skewness. The measurements were used in the table presentation in order to assess the various dimensions presented by the questionnaire that had an impact on the organizational climate. Additionally, the presentation offers alpha coefficients for every dimension as well as the total scale. The coefficients are above 0.8 with only the work environment being below 0.6. The mean results in the presentation were utilized to provide a synopsis of the climate of the organization. The recommended cut off point of 3.2 was utilized to validate the difference between potential positive and negative perceptions. The points that were higher than 3.2 indicate positive perception while the points lower than 3.2 indicate negative perception of the dimension under scrutiny . Furthermore, the mean of 3.2 was considered since it is deemed optimal as well as provides a proper guideline to distinguish between optimistic and pessimistic potential perceptions. From the table, it is evident that climate in the organization is positive since it comprises a mean score of 3.56 throughout the dimensions. The results indicate that most employees were contented with the assortment of organizational facets. This resulted from the measurement of the 11 dimensions because all dimensions, except a pair of them, had mean points that were above 3.2 points. The results of individual development (3.11) and remuneration (2.77) dimensions portrayed that employees perceived individual development opportunities in the firm negatively and agreed that remuneration practices were negative. Therefore, the organization can take these negative perceptions of the dimensions into consideration. This will assist the organization in assessing such areas and developing them in the futur e. The results also indicated that most employees were satisfied with their jobs pertaining to the job satisfaction dimension, which measured at 3.36. Thus, the results indicated that the employees found their work exigent and appealing and thus noted that their future in the firm would be optimistic. Organizational climate plays an important role in determining the strategies an organization will create in order to influence employees. The measurement of organizational climate is therefore efficient since it can provide employees’ sentiments regarding the organization. Furthermore, using the measurements of the organization can also assist the management in determining the causes behind the positive or negative financial performance of the firm. Measuring the organizational climate enables interaction between the management and the employees thereby creating solidarity in the organization. References Alvesson, M. (2002). Understanding organizational culture. London: SAGE. http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=zcm1m9YnJ8kCprintsec=frontcover#v=onepageqf=false Ashkanasy, N. M., Wilderom, C., Peterson, M. F. (2000). Handbook of organizational culture climate. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications. http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=AUt1i9ZEa48Cprintsec=frontcover#v=onepageqf=false Burton, R. M. (2004). The impact of organizational climate and strategic fit on firm performance. Human Resource Management, 43(1), 67-82. Gordon, J. (Ed.) (2004). Pfeiffer classic inventories, questionnaires, and surveys for training and development. San Francisco, California: John Wiley Sons. http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0787974692/ref=sib_dp_pt#reader-link James, L. (March 01, 2008). Organizational and psychological climate: A review of theory and research. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 17, 1, 5-32. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13594320701662550#preview MacCormick, J., Parker, S. (January 01, 2010). A multiple climates approach to understanding business unit effectiveness. Human Relations, 63, 11, 1771-1806. http://hum.sagepub.com/content/63/11/1771.abstract Robbins, S. P. (2002). Organizational behavior: Concepts, controversies and applications. Indianapolis: Prentice Hall. Thumin, F., Thumin, L. (January 01, 2011). The Measurement and Interpretation of Organizational Climate. The Journal of Psychology, 145, 2, 93-109. Appendix The Relationship between Organizational Climate and Employee Satisfaction. http://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1cad=rjaved=0CCIQFjAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sajip.co.za%2Findex.php%2Fsajip%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F800%2F880ei=0c2YUIOcEsSk0AWz0YGwBgusg=AFQjCNHl1moXpz1YS6NuEi1_UFo59FnYXA Method 1 DimensionNMeanSkewnessKurtosisCoefficientsIndividual development5003.11-0.271-0.4520.875Leadership5003.83-0.7961.0010.914Job Satisfaction5003.36-0.370-0.1280.812Employee Wellness5003.72-0.8371.2190.826Communication5003.50-0.5670.3760.880Work Environment5003.59-0.6840.0840.596Image5003.81-0.6500.7610.838Diversity5003.59-0.362-0.2470.868Remuneration5002.77-0.271-0.4970.854Exigent and Appealing Work5003.67-0.5840.1280.892

Booking System Essay Example

Booking System Essay Example Booking System Essay Booking System Essay Speech bubbles are telling you how to do things.The square boxes are hints on how to make it better.Section 1: Setting up the worksheetsIn this section, I am showing how I set up my sheets and named my cells and sheets.Section 2: Setting up the zones floor 2In this section I am showing how I created my seating zones and added a logo. |Section 3 Hiding the gridlinesIn this slide, you click on; Tools, Options and then at the bottom take out the tick next to Gridlines, so that they are hidden.Section 4: Setting up Data ValidationYou also have to create a error message, so if somebody types in a letter that is not valid, a message comes up explaining why it isnt working.Section 6: Setting up Conditional FormattingTo Set Up The Conditional Formatting You Have To.Section 7: Setting up the messageboardSection 8: Naming Cells (Naming Zones)Section 9a: Using Counta;Section 9b: Using Countblank;Section 9c: Using CountIF;Section 10: Using If statements to display messages=IF(AR13;20, Seats Ava ilable, (IF(AR13=0, None Available, Limited Seats)))Section 11: Not Needed.Section 12: Using CountIF statements to count the number of Adults, Teenagers ; Children=COUNTIF(ZoneA,C)+COUNTIF(ZoneB,C)Section 13: Linking cells (e.g. linking floor 1 and floor 2)Section 14: Setting up the accounts pageSection 15: Creating a menuSection 16: Creating macros to link the worksheets togetherSection 17: Decorating the booking systemSection 18: Locking Cells

Topic of the week cultural diversity Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Topic of the week cultural diversity - Coursework Example Today, the same scenario exists, only the immigrants of today come somewhat illegally and bring their drug trade, crime, and uneducated ways of life with them. There is current legislation to help reform this situation. Social Forces Influencing Immigration Policies Prior to World War I, there was a huge wave of immigrants arriving from predominantly European countries. This was good, in a way, because it provided the necessary laborers for the factories and various infrastructure projects America had under construction. They were primarily young people; able bodied, with a burning desire to have a bite of the American dream. They weren’t particularly educated, just eager to take their places and create a new life for themselves and their future families. With the development of steamship travel there was a possibility for greater numbers of immigrants to arrive at one time. This brought immigrants primarily to the eastern seacoasts. Urban areas quickly filled up with immigran ts and put undue pressure on currently existing systems; health care, education, and infrastructure.

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Discussion - Assignment Example Several advantages are derived from segmentation including isolating specific market segments that are more interested in what a business offers based on demographic. For example, the toy manufacturing company mainly targets children while cosmetic companies targets women. Salespersons would consider multiple demographic characteristics to segment consumer markets according to age, gender, income, and social class. In this way, an organization can bring suitable products or services to the market. People’s thinking and their favorite activities can be used to segment a niche market. Personal attributes linked to personality, attitudes, interest and lifestyles are characteristics that marketers focus on market segment. This segmentation allows organization to cater for personal consumer interests (Croft, 1994). Another way in which segmentation is important is allowing marketers to identify customers’ preferences and target them with similar offers. A business itself could glean potential opportunities in filling the gaps assumed by businesses dealing in similar products or services. In their direct marketing effort, the marketers could acquire lists of customers and send them mails or call them to introduce their services. The more cost effective a business marketing effort can become relies on more segments identified and brought together to reach more expected customers. Proper understanding of client’s needs is key to offering quality products and services. When customers derive ultimate satisfaction, they are likely to entice non-customers who share similar traits and characteristics, which is a relatively low cost marketing strategy (Weinstein, 2004). Both the firm and the client thus benefit through market segmentation. Integrating marketing mix elements in market segmentation comes in scores of ways. Market segmentation and

The After math of WW1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The After math of WW1 - Essay Example In regards to the effect on minorities of Europe after the First World War according to Spielvogel (2011) there are numerous negative consequences for these various groups. After the war a number of empires were broken up, in which various peoples that had cohabited in relative peace now were blaming each other for the economic woes brought on in the post war period. For example, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire there were a significant number of Czechs, Germans, Italians Hungarians, Poles, Serbs, and Slovenes (Amongst others) with this distribution of people there is no question that there would be a significant number of skirmishes between communities dominated by one group against their minorities. As a result of this a number of bilateral minority treaties which corresponded with the League of Nations Mandates. Some examples were the Polish Minority Treaty, or in the Austrian context, the Treaty of St. Germain-en Laye (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 1999). However, it th e negative effects on minorities in post WWI Europe would have been prominently felt in Germany (Especially once the nation began to be dominated by the National Socialists). Once the party came into power a number of sweeping laws came into effect that had sever consequences for minority groups. Some examples would be the Law for the Prevention of Hereditary Diseased Offspring (Facing History Campus, 2011) which forced compulsory sterilization of people suffering from hereditary diseased and later children of mixed parentage. This only represents a fraction of the overall policies that negatively affected minorities during the post-war period. The next issue to be addressed is the penalties that were to be paid by the Germans according to the Treaty of Versailles. According to The Discovery Channel (2011) there were a number of monetary and political implications from the treaty. For example there was significant loss of German territory. Germany was to cede the Alsace-Lorraine reg ion to France, Northern Schleswig was ceded to Denmark, and West Prussia was given to Poland ultimately amounting to approximately 65 thousand square kilometers lost to foreign nations in Europe. There were also significant overseas territories such as Namibia, Cameroon and a number of island territories in Oceania that had to be given up. In terms of military implications from the treaty of Versailles, Germany was forced to keep the size of its armed forces to fewer than 100,000 combatants, serious restrictions were placed on where the nation could build fortifications, air forces were completely forbidden and the navy was restricted to small ships. Moreover, according to the Discovery Channel (2011) one additional consequence was that the Kaiser Wilhelm II was supposed to be tried as a war criminal, but owing to the fact that he had fled to the Netherlands (Who refused to extradite him) no trial ever took place. The final major consequence was the financial implications from the c onflict meant that Germany was ordered to pay war reparations to the allied forces to help offset the costs that the allied nations had incurred as part of the war effort but Germany was also held responsible for the damages to civilian infrastructure as well. Prior to the outbreak of the Second World War, Germany had not paid off the entirety of their war reparations. However, according to ‘The Local’ (2010) the total cost was 132 billion Reichmarks which is approximately â‚ ¬

Tesco Retail Business Analysis

Tesco Retail Business Analysis Tesco is one of the largest food retailers in the world, operating around 2,318 stores and employing over 326,000 people. As well as operating in the UK, it has stores in the rest of Europe and Asia. It also provides online services through its subsidiary, Tesco.com. The UK is the companys largest market operating under four banners: Extra, Superstore, Metro and Express. Tesco sells approximately 40,000 food products in its superstores, as well as clothing and other non-food lines. The companys own-label products are at three levels, value, normal and finest. Own brand accounts for approximately 50% of sales. As well as convenience produce, many stores have gas stations. The company has become one of Britains largest petrol independent retailers. Other retailing services offered in the UK include Tesco Personal Finance and Tesco.com. Tesco Personal Finance is a joint venture with the Royal Bank of Scotland. It has over 3.4 million customers, and provides various financial products and services. The company has operations in the rest of Europe, including the Republic of Ireland, Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Turkey. In Asia, the company operates in Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand. Tescos Republic of Ireland business operates in the region of 82 stores, and around 60 stores in the Hungarian market. Tescos Polish operations include former HIT operated stores. It operates around 66 hypermarkets and supermarkets in this country. In the Czech Republic and Slovakian markets, Tesco operates 22 and 23 hypermarkets respectively. Tesco also operates stores in Asia, including Thailand, South Korea, Malaysia and Taiwan. The company operates 64 stores in Thailand and 28 stores in the South Korean Market, while in the Taiwanese and Malaysian markets it has three stores in each nation. HISTORY: Tesco was originated in the markets of Londons East End, where in 1914, war veteran Jack Cohen began to sell groceries. The brand name of Tesco first appeared on packets of tea in the 1920s. Tesco was an amalgamation of the initials of T.E. Stockwell, a partner in the firm of tea suppliers, and the first two letters of Cohen. The first Tesco store was founded in 1929 in Burnt Oak, Edgware. Following the success of self service stores in the US, Mr. Cohen opened the first Tesco self-service store in St. Albans in 1948. Gradually the business expanded from stores to supermarkets, and by the early 1960s, Tesco had become a familiar household name, selling household goods and clothing. In 1974, the company set up petrol stations at its major sites, selling fuel at competitive prices. In 1979, the companys annual turnover reached  £1 billion for the first time. In the 1990s Tesco continued to tighten its grip on the UK with more store openings and an aggressive marketing campaign in an attempt to overtake Sainsburys as the UKs leading grocer. In 1992, the company launched is slogan every little helps, followed by the Tesco Value range in 1993. This was followed by the launch of the Tesco Club card scheme in 1995, helping Tesco to overtake rival Sainsburys as the UKs largest food retailer. 1996 saw the retailer introduce its first 24-hour store while it also expanded overseas opening shops in Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. In 1997 Tesco appointed Sir Terry Leahy as chief executive. Tesco.com was launched in 2000 and the supermarket continued to expand its range of products, which now includes clothes, electrical and personal finance products. In 2004 Tesco entered the broadband market. Two years ago, in 2006, the retailer announced ambitious plans to open stores in the US under the name Fresh and Easy and funded by existing resources. Tesco now operates in 13 countries. Today it reported that group sales were  £51.8bn in the year to February 23 2008. Pre-tax profit rose to  £2.8bn. In 2008 the retail giant took its conquest of the UK one step further by buying up some rival Somerfield stores on remote islands in Scotland, giving Tesco a presence in every single postcode area in the country. As it stands there is only one postcode in the UK in Harrogate in North Yorkshire which does not have a Tesco. MAJOR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES: Tesco is the largest food retailer in UK, operating around 2,318 stores worldwide. Its Products and services include: ENVIORMENTAL ANALYSIS What Is an Environmental Analysis? Environmental analysis is relatively qualitative and involves the identification of and analysis of environmental variables, which affect the business. Definition: Environmental Analysis Environmental analysis for a business looks at the factors inherent in a businesss environment that may have some impact thereof. This type of analysis is relatively qualitative and involves the identifying, scanning, analyzing and forecasting of the environmental variables. Some frameworks of environmental analysis have received large amounts of attention in the world of business management literature, such as SWOT analysis and PESTEL analysis. Why Environmental Analysis? Environmental analysis will help you understand what is happening both inside and outside your organization and to increase the probability that the organizational strategies you develop will appropriately reflect your organizational environment. Three Levels of Organizational Environment In order to perform an environmental analysis, you must thoroughly understand how organizational environments are structured. For purposes of environmental analysis, you can divide the environment of your organization into three distinct levels: internal environment, operating environment, and general environment. COMPETITORS ANALYSIS What Is a Competitors Analysis? Competitive analysis is the practice of analyzing the competitive environment in which your business operates (or wishes to operate), including strengths and weaknesses of the businesses with which you compete, strengths and weaknesses of your own company, demographics and desires of marketplace customers, strategies that can improve your position in the marketplace, impediments that prevent you from entering new markets, and barriers that you can erect to prevent others from eroding your own place in the market. Definition: Competitors Analysis Competitors Analysis also called competitive analysis, the process of identifying the performance and marketing strategy of competitive brands or products in the marketplace. In order to plan an effective marketing strategy, marketers need to know about the competitive environment and to find out all they can about competitors products, prices, communication channels quality, and service so as to determine areas of competitive advantage and disadvantage. Why Competitors Analysis? Some businesses think it is best to get on with their own plans and ignore the competition. Others become obsessed with tracking the actions of competitors (often using underhand or illegal methods). Many businesses are happy simply to track the competition, copying their moves and reacting to changes. Competitor analysis has several important roles in strategic planning: To help management understand their competitive advantages/disadvantages relative to competitors To generate understanding of competitors past, present (and most importantly) future strategies To provide an informed basis to develop strategies to achieve competitive advantage in the future To help forecast the returns that may be made from future investments (e.g. how will competitors respond to a new product or pricing strategy? Questions to ask What questions should be asked when undertaking competitor analysis? The following is a useful list to bear in mind: Who are our competitors? What threats do they pose? What is the profile of our competitors? What are the objectives of our competitors? What strategies are our competitors pursuing and how successful are these strategies? What are the strengths and weaknesses of our competitors? How are our competitors likely to respond to any changes to the way we do business? ANALYSIS OF THE MARKETING OPERATION What Is an Analysis OF THE MARKETING OPERATION? Marketing Operations is the function responsible for marketing performance measurement, strategic planning and budgeting, process development, professional development, and marketing systems and data. Definition: Analysis OF THE MARKETING OPERATION The purpose of the Marketing Operations function is both to increase marketing efficiency and to build a foundation for excellence by reinforcing marketing with processes, technology, metrics, and best practices. Marketing operations enables an organization to run the marketing function as a fully accountable business. Marketing operations is about performance, financial management, strategic planning, marketing resource, and skills assessment and management. Why Analysis OF THE MARKETING OPERATION? The marketing operations plan is designed to identify where we are as a district now and where we are going. It is a usable planning document that reviews the past years production and identifies strong points and problem areas. The operations plan is designed to accomplish the following: Stimulates thinking to make better use of available resources Reduces crisis management Assigns responsibilities and schedules work Improves communications within the command Coordinates and unifies efforts Facilitates control, monitoring, and evaluation of results Provides source marketing information for current and future reference Facilitates progressive advancement toward a goal ANALYSIS OF THE MARKETING STRATEGIES What Is an ANALYSIS OF THE MARKETING STRATEGIES? Marketing strategy is a method of focusing an organizations energies and resources on a course of action which can lead to increased sales and dominance of a targeted market niche. A marketing strategy combines product development, promotion, distribution, pricing, relationship management and other elements; identifies the firms marketing goals, and explains how they will be achieved, ideally within a stated timeframe. Marketing strategy determines the choice of target market segments, positioning, marketing mix, and allocation of resources. It is most effective when it is an integral component of overall firm strategy, defining how the organization will successfully engage customers, prospects, and competitors in the market arena. Definition: ANALYSIS OF THE MARKETING STRATEGIES Marketing strategy is a process that can allow an organization to concentrate its limited resources on the greatest opportunities to increase sales and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. A marketing strategy should be centred on the key concept that customer satisfaction is the main goal. Why ANALYSIS OF THE MARKETING STRATEGIES? A marketing strategy can serve as the foundation of a marketing plan. A marketing plan contains a set of specific actions required to successfully implement a marketing strategy. For example: Use a low cost product to attract consumers. Once our organization, via our low cost product, has established a relationship with consumers, our organization will sell additional, higher-margin products and services that enhance the consumers interaction with the low-cost product or service. A strategy consists of a well thought out series of tactics to make a marketing plan more effective. Marketing strategies serve as the fundamental underpinning of marketing plans designed to fill market needs and reach marketing objectives. Plans and objectives are generally tested for measurable results. A marketing strategy often integrates an organizations marketing goals, policies, and action sequences (tactics) into a cohesive whole. Similarly, the various strands of the strategy , which might include advertising, channel marketing, internet marketing, promotion and public relations can be orchestrated. Many companies cascade a strategy throughout an organization, by creating strategy tactics that then become strategy goals for the next level or group. Each one group is expected to take that strategy goal and develop a set of tactics to achieve that goal. This is why it is important to make each strategy goal measurable. Marketing strategies are dynamic and interactive. They are partially planned and partially unplanned. PESTLE ANALYSIS OF TESCO: POLITICAL Following the European Integration and Free Trade Agreements, the market has opened up for British Companies to invest in Eastern Europe. Tesco already has 60 Hypermarket store in Hungary. Lidl is uncompromisingly fighting to maintain its market share with an aggressive pricing strategy. ECONOMIC the Retail sector is fairly recession prawn and also very sensitive to changes in interest rates. Since the events of September 11th the world economies have suffered heavily, stocks plummeted and prices are at all time lows. The world economy is however, now on the up post September 11th. Consumers are optimistic and the retail industry is once again booming. SOCIAL changes in consumer taste and lifestyle represent both opportunities and threats for the industry. Opportunities in terms of new market and consumers, however, there are added threats in terms of alternative established Swedish national retailers (foreign company bias). TECHNICAL Changes in retailing methods as such clothes sales via the Internet is now a common place in retailing. Paperless operation, the management and administration of the company are undertaken on IT systems, which are accessed through secure servers; provide flexibility in the running of the business. As Sweden is at the forefront of technological advancement with national companies like Ericsson, Tesco would enjoy the comprehensive logistics and distribution channels already in place. LEGAL National legislation for health and safety both in terms of consumer rights and also in terms of production of own natural renewable resources for making clothes. ENVIRONMENTAL The renewable source of resources used in production, namely cotton and wool are environmentally friendly. The threats are in terms of legal consequences for livestocks in terms of health and safety. TESCOS STRATEGIC OPTIONS: GENERIC STRATEGIES: Generic Strategies are characterised by an individual retailers response to the industry structure. For a giant retailer, such as Tesco, to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage they should follow either one of three generic strategies, developed by Porter. The first strategy of cost leadership is one in which Tesco can strive to have the lowest costs in the industry and offer its products and services to a broad market at the lowest prices. This strategy will be based on the Tescos ability to control their operating costs so well that they are able to price their products competitively and be able to generate high profit margins, thus having a significant competitive advantage. If Tesco uses another strategy of differentiation, than it has to try to offer services and products with unique features that customers value. Tesco will be able to create brand loyalty for their offerings, and thus, price inelasticity on the part of buyers. Breadth of product offerings, technology, special features, or customer service are popular approaches to differentiation. The last strategy of focus can be either a cost leadership or differentiation strategy aimed toward a narrow, focused market. In pursuing a cost leadership strategy Tesco focuses on the creation of internal efficiencies that will help them withstand external pressures. Therefore, it appears reasonable to think that Tesco will have frequent interactions with the governmental/regulatory and supplier sectors of the environment MARKET OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTATION Strategy frameworks and structuring tools are key to assessing the business situation. Risk and value trade-offs are made explicit, leading to concrete proposals to add value and reduce risk. Explicit plans for action, including effective planning need to be developed by Tesco as the strategic alternative. From the generic strategies discussed above, Tesco is likely to employ two strategic options that are also likely to be primary market objectives of focus on market development though partnerships and diversification through new product development. Market Development Strategy: Joint Developments and Strategic Alliances By entering new markets like China and Japan it can serve as a key growth driver of the companys revenues and expansion strategy. Tescos interests in Japan are likely to continue growing in due course, as Asian markets are showing an increase in consumer spending and increased trend towards retailing. These new markets are also demographically high opportunity markets. In the case of Tesco, one of the suggested strategic options is in international alliances with the local retailers in Asian markets. It will be considered as a method of development and may be formed to exploit current resources and competence. By entering into joint ventures or partnerships, in order to gain a larger economy of scale and larger market presence, Tesco will draw on the extensive local knowledge and operating expertise of the partner whilst adding its own supply chain, product development and stores operations skills to deliver a better shopping experience to customers. However, given the huge scale, potential and complexities of these markets, Tesco may feel that being the first mover is not necessarily an advantage. The success of the partnership will be related to three main success criteria: sustainability, acceptability and feasibility. Sustainability will be concerned with whether a strategy addresses the circumstances in which the company is operating. It is ab out the rationale of this expansion-market development strategy. The acceptability relates to the expected return from the strategy, the level of risk and the likely reaction of stakeholders. Feasibility will be regarded to whether Tesco has the resources and competence to deliver the strategy. CONCLUSION The success of the Tesco shows how far the branding and effective service delivery can come in moving beyond splashing ones logo on a billboard. It had fostered powerful identities by making their retailing concept into a virus and spending it out into the culture via a variety of channels: cultural sponsorship, political controversy, consumer experience and brand extensions. In a rapidly changing business environment with a high competitors pressure Tesco have to adopt new expansion strategies or diversified the existing in order to sustain its leading market position in an already established retailing market. The company must constantly adapt to the fast changing circumstances. Strategy formulation should therefore be regarded as a process of continuous learning, which includes learning about the goals, the effect of possible actions towards these goals and how to implement and execute these actions. The quality of a formulated strategy and the speed of its implementation will therefore directly depend on the quality of Tescos cognitive and behavioural learning processes. In large organizations as Tesco strategy should be analysed and implemented at various levels within the hierarchy. These different levels of strategy should be related and mutually supporting. Tescos strategy at a corporate level defines the businesses in which Tesco will compete, in a way that focuses resources to convert distinctive competence into competitive advantage.

Jilting Of Granny Weatherall Essay -- essays research papers

The Jilting of Granny Weatherall In Katherine Ann Porter’s "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall," there are two prevalant themes. The first is self-pity. The second theme is the acceptance of her immenent demise. Both deal with the way people perceive their deaths and mortality in general. Granny Weatherall’s behavior is Porter’s tool for making these themes visible to the reader. The theme of self-pity is obvious and throughly explored early on. As a young lady, Granny Weatherall left at the alter on her wedding day . As a result, the pathetic woman feels sorry for herself for the rest of her life. She becomes a bitter old woman who is suspicious of everyone around her. This point is shown early in the story when the doctor is speaking to Cornelia in the hallway outside of Granny’s room. Granny exclaims "First off, go away and don’t whisper!" (p.1487) Granny was apparently under the impression that the two of them were speaking ill of her behind her back. Thoughts like these resulted from the trauma she suffered when the man she loved failed to show up on their wedding day. Granny Weatherall’s self-pity gives the reader a negative initial impression of a woman the author eventually expects us to miss. The ailing octogenarian is so incredibly annoying at the beginning of the story that one almost welcomes the idea of her passing. The second theme is the acceptance of immenint death. At first, Granny Weatherall could not accept the fact that ...

Blizzard

The blizzard of 1999 struck a majority of the Midwest along with parts of Canada. The biggest areas affected were Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Ontario, Quebec, Wisconsin, and Ohio. There was as much as 2 feet of snow in many areas. The blizzard began on January 2, 1999 through January 4, 1999. Chicago was one of the biggest cities impacted by the storm measuring up to 22 inches of snow and rated the 2nd worst blizzard in Chicago by the National Weather Channel. Record temperatures hit a low of below 20 degrees Fahrenheit and up to 50 degrees in some places. This all resulted in airports and train stations being shut down for hours to days.Northwest airlines were down for numerous hours with people stuck on many flights. Many people had things to say about blizzard conditions. People said they started seeing signs of the blizzard on New Year’s Eve of 1998. Weather temperatures were decreasing and snow was beginning to fall. One witness described the condition like driving throu gh a fog of white snow without being able to see an inch in front of him. A man described being stuck on the flight by northwest airlines as being covered in blankets and other peoples clothing just to keep warm and developed frost bite on his nose and toes.A lady described the condition as the worst she’d seen in her 83 years of life living in Chicago. A mother remembers trying to get her child to a local hospital and developing frost bite and flu like symptoms from the amount of snow accumulation on the ground. Many ask how a blizzard like this form does. The blizzard begins when snow is falling and wind is at least 35mph and it reduces visibility up to ? a mile or less. The wind speed and snow fall are the biggest factor in determining blizzard like conditions. A blizzard like this generally forms when cold polar air comes down and mixes with warm and moist air from lower altitudes.It feeds on the dropping temperatures to occur. The overall impact of a blizzard can cost th e lives of others and millions of dollars. The blizzard of 1999 resulted in 73 deaths. The cost of the blizzard was estimated between 300-400 million dollars. Chicago area was the biggest of the relief fund and over 45 counties qualified for federal aid relief. Northwest airlines paid out 7 million dollars to passengers on the flight to compensate for their hours on the flight from the storm. Overall many people, buildings, and companies were impacted in the blizzard of 1999.

HRM ISSUES IN ISRAEL

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The Unsinkable Ship that Sank essays

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Law for Accounting assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

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Bosnian Refugee Life in America Essay Example for Free

Bosnian Refugee Life in America Essay Thousands of refugees from Bosnia-Herzegovina have fled to the United States to seek protection from the ethnoreligious conflicts of the region. To best assist these families, service providers must understand their wartime and migration experiences and their culture. The purpose of this article is to review the literature relevant to working with Bosnian Muslim refugees as well as to understand the uruque issues facing this population. The authors interest in Bosnian Muslim refugees is a personal one. Between 1992 and 2001, nearly 3,500 Bosnian refugees escaping ethnic cleansing and war migrated to Bowling Green, a small city of 50,000 in rural southcentral Kentucky. The Bowling Green International Center has been a part of the local community since 1979 and actively works with the United States Committee for Refugees and Immigrants (USCRI). For more than 25 years, the center has assisted thousands of refugees of many nationalities in their migration to the United States and the local community. According to the centers director, Marty Deputy, Bosnians make up the largest percentage of refugees that have relocated to Bowling Green (personal communication, February 3, 2005). Deputy also indicated that while Bosnian refugees have adapted well to the local community, they still face many challenges because of their experiences in Bosnia in addition to their integration into a new culture. One of the issues that continue to haunt many Bosnian refugees is post-traumatic stress—a result of war and genocide. Post-traumatic stress is particularly an issue for the adult women, who experienced the trauma of rape and sexual assault as well as witnessing the murder of their children and spouses. According to Deputy (personal communication, February 3, 2005), social workers should approach Bosnian families and children with cultural competence. If visiting a Bosnian home, for example, removing ones shoes when entering is a display of respect and sensitivity. A willingness to drink a strong cup of Bosnian coffee is also appreciated. Social workers also must be sensitive about body language and speech tone. It is also important not to assume that all Bosnians are alike. As with all cultures, there is tremendous variation in the Bosnian culture, along with individual differences in personality and environmental experiences. Bosnian Muslim Experiences in the War The 1991 census for Bosnia-Herzegovina shows that Muslims made up 43. 7% of the total population of 4. 3 million people. Serbs accounted for 31. 3% and Croats 17. 3% (Bringa, 1995). Serbs identified the Muslims majority population base in Bosnia-Herzegovina as its strategic strength (Cigar, 1995). In 1992, therefore, the Serbs declared war and began a campaign of ethnic cleansing to eradicate non-Serbs. The term ethnic cleansing stands for the policy of ridding an area of an undesirable national group to create a homogenous region; it represents a type of genocide that is designed to spread terror (Friedman, 1996; Weine Laub, 1995). Serbias initial rationale for its policy was promulgated by the belief that the newly formed state of Bosnia-Herzegovina would create national minorities of the Serb population and eventually destroy the Serb populace as a discrete and unique nation (Friedman, 1996). The prospect of acquiring material goods from the Muslims—land, livestock, houses, cars, and cash—apparently was an additional powerful incentive for many Serbs (Cigar, 1995; Sells, 1998). The indigenous Bosnian Serb population was drawn into a terror campaign of killing and mayhem so the non-Serbian populations would never return. This persecution ultimately led to more than one million Balkan refugees migrating to the United States and other countries. The types of experiences they endured in their homeland before emigrating dramatically influenced their initial adaptation to these new environments. Resettlement and Adaptation Issues As difficult as the war-related experiences were, migration to resettlement countries signaled a transition to new types of struggles for Bosnian refugees. Unlike immigrants who leave their homes for a variety of reasons, refugees leave in order to survive, and they face a new realm of stressors as they attempt to rebuild their lives in exile (Keyes, 2000; Worthington, 2001). Such stressors include difficult transit experiences; culture shock; adjustment problems related to language and occupational change; and disruption in their sense of self, family, and community (Lipson, 1993; Worthington, 2001). Additionally, refugees leaving Bosnia-Herzegovina often have suffered multiple losses, such as severance from family and friends who have been left behind or killed, displacement from their homes and communities, social isolation, and the premature death of their children. Such an accumulation of loss can leave a sense of unresolved grief that can significantly impact mental health and future functioning capacity (Akhtar, 1992; Fullilove, 1996; Sundquist Johansson, 1996; Worthington, 2001). When refugees cross national boundaries seeking asylum, they typically find themselves in an alien social environment with norms that challenge their traditional patterns of family interaction (Mayadas Segal, 2000). Most Bosnian refugees have a hierarchical familial power structure and clear role definitions; in the homeland, authority was typically gender-based, with males maintaining instrumental roles and females fulfilling nurturing responsibilities. A traditional Bosnian womans commitment to her family includes observing strict codes of privacy and public silence on any issue that might bring shame on the family, such as family discord. For many women, this privacy mandate deters them from divulging details about marital strife or child maltreatment by spouses to outsiders such as work colleagues, community members, and mental health professionals. Consequently, Bosnian female refugees continue to be caught between traditional role models prevalent throughout the former Yugoslavias patriarchal society in the 20th Century and the expectations of their new culture. The Bosnian familys patriarchal patterns of behavior tend to be challenged on arrival in the United States, particularly around work-related issues. Women are more likely than men to find jobs in the low-wage labor market, and in becoming the breadwinners exposed to the outside world, they risk upsetting a family equilibrium based on male authority (Mayadas Segal, 2000). For Bosnian men, key ethnic and social boundary markers of their lives had evaporated; because of their grief over this, many seemed paralyzed in their attempt to move forward in their new life. Bosnian refugee children also face immense acculturation pressures (Mayadas Segal, 2000). They often are torn between the beliefs, customs, and values learned in their native culture and the often unrealistic expectations of the new one. The pressure to assimilate the cultural norms of their new country can be intense and extremely stressful. Their parents often lack the material resources and support systems to adequately assist them in navigating the complex terrain of foreign school systems, pervasive racism, and intolerance (Mayadas Segal, 2000). Consequently, many feel as if they are alone in a foreign, sometimes unforgiving new cultural milieu. To further complicate the situation, family roles often reverse as children typically become more fluent in English faster and adapt more quickly to the customs of the new country (Potocky, 1996). Because children are thrust into the role of serving as the interpreters and negotiators of cultural norms for their parents, respect for the authority of elders is often undermined (Carlin, 1990; Drachman; 1992). Even though most teenagers in the United States feel a certain amount of intergenerational tension, the adolescents of refugees often experience the pull of two vastly different worlds: those of their American peers and their parents (Mayadas Segal, 2000). They also feel subjected to the xenophobia of their American peers, who often ridicule others who they label as different. Immigration to the United States has provided Bosnian Muslim refugee families with many challenges as they struggle to adapt to their new lives. At first glance, their experiences may be similar to that of other immigrants, raising the familiar questions about how to perpetuate the faith of their forebears among their offspring or how to best preserve cherished cultural practices (Yazbeck- Haddad Esposito, 2000). But there are some real differences. With the attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington, DC, the potential for a xenophobic reception of Muslim immigrants and refugees by Americans has intensified. For example, disputes over the building of mosques represent a key source of friction for most Westerners (Pipes Duran, 1993). While Bosnian Muslim families may encounter the same issues earlier generations of immigrants faced, they also are burdened with the question of whether their children will be accepted in the United States, and whether Islam can ever be recognized as a positive force that contributes to a pluralistic, multicultural nation (Yazbeck-Haddad Esposito, 2000). Culturally Competent Practice with Bosnian Muslims When working with Bosnian Muslim refugees, service providers need to learn as much as possible about their culture, particularly given the pivotal role that ethnoreligious identity has played in their war-related experiences (Witmer Culver, 2001). Bosnian men and women tend to adhere to traditional gender roles; connected with this issue is the intense stigma attached to the sexual violation of women. This stigma frequently led women to refrain from disclosing war rapes to their families (Witmer Culver, 2001). Bosnian Muslims typically act in ways that preserve the positive image of the familys identity, especially males, who see openly revealing vulnerability or suffering as a sign of great personal weakness (Weine et al. , 1997). Family is the most important social structure across the urban and rural regions of Bosnia (Mojica-Castillo, 2001). Up until the 1970s, adult children commonly lived with their parents and multiple generations lived in the same house. But today, twoparent families predominate in this region with extended family members often living nearby. A cluster of shoes can typically be found outside a Bosnian home (Mojica-Castillo, 2001). This is because it is customary to remove street shoes and leave them at the door. Bosnians maintain a strong social tradition of neighborliness. The drinking of strong coffee or the sharing of food, accompanied by the essential element of lively conversation, is an important aspect of social life. Traditional music and folk dances are an important part of cultural celebrations. A basic principle of generalist social work is that practitioners need to be able to intervene on behalf of various systems, including individuals, families, orgaruzations, and communities. Additionally, the generalist social worker operates within an ecological framework that attempts to improve coping patterns for a better match between the client systems needs and the characteristics of his or her environment. An empowerment approach to generalist practice assumes that clients can draw from existing competencies and reservoirs of strength. Empowerment indicates the intent and the processes of assisting client systems to discover and expand the tools and resources around them (Furuto, 2004). Swift and Levin (1987) referred to empowerment as an evolution from dependence to independence and interdependence. Gutierrez (1990) described empowerment as the process of increasing personal, interpersonal, or political power so that individuals can take action to improve their life situations (p. 140). The strengths perspective enhances the concept of empowerment with its focus on promoting healing. Healing implies both wholeness and the inborn ability of the mind and body to resist and regenerate when faced with disruption, disorder, or disease (Furuto, 2004). Ethnic and religious identity may lead to discrimination when the refugee is seeking a job that requires intervention on a more personal level. Long-term difficulty in finding a job that provides the family with adequate income may cause low self-esteem and family tension culminating in violence (Furuto Murase, 1992). Various system levels often must be addressed simultaneously (Mayadas Segal, 2000). Western thinking on designing comprehensive mental health services is mostly based on the individual as the primary system targeted for intervention; hence, existing services tend to be designed for a North American population (Mooren Kleber, 1999). Furthermore, treatment of mental health disorders typically follows a medical model using talk therapy and drugs. Western theories also emphasize intrapersonal processes in isolation from the cultural context. The prevailing view that the responses to trauma are individual centered is in keeping with this tradition. Service providers must use the refugees own, indigenous cultural definitions of health and illness when making mental health assessments (Boothby, 1996; Wing Sue, Ivey, Pedersen, 1996). For example, a Bosnian client who had the Western diag nosis of major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder refused medication saying that there was nothing wrong with him that medications could fix, and insisted that the clinician understand that his current condition was a result of the wrongs that had been done to him, and not because of anything that was wrong with him (Weine Laub, 1995, p. 255). To address the issue of respecting the clients definition of the issue, Yuen (1999) promoted a more holistic biopsychosocial model of intervention when working with Bosnian children and their families; hence, the importance of using an ethnically sensitive ecological framework becomes a second principle of culturally competent practice. A third principle is to respect the indigenous strengths and resources within Bosnians that empower them to cope with their own experiences. Chow Yuen (2000) noted the necessity for an empowerment and capacity building model where refugees become partners in the design and elivery of services within their community. Efforts to design and deliver human service programs should include using indigenous Bosnian religious and cultural organizations, as well as self-help groups (Chow Yuen, 2000). Conclusion After Bosnians flee their homeland, they need protection in the asylum country. This necessitates supportive policies and macrolevel intervention competence. The main policy that guides refugee resettlement in the United States is Public Law 96-212, the Refugee Act of 1980 (Mayadas Segal, 2000). Based on the goal of helping refugees achieve economic self-sufficiency as quickly as possible, the act defines self-sufficiency as not receiving welfare benefits (Potocky, 1996). As such, this policy may be ineffective in helping refugees to settle in an optimal manner. To become truly self-sufficient, service providers need to redefine success in more progressive ways, such as helping refugees to effectively deal with resettlement issues relating to acculturation, psychological trauma, and intergenerational conflict—all of which can impede long-term economic self-sufficiency. This new goal requires adequate fiscal resources to develop programs and engage in active community outreach (Mayadas Segal, 2000). Social services must aspire to restore the psychological health and dignity of these families and children, who have seen the worst side of human nature. Helping them establish a positive self-image is critical to their success. While the genocide of family members and violent acts can never be forgotten, surrounding Bosnian Muslim refugees with a network of positive, supportive services can help them establish a solid foothold in the United States.